The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the POLICY proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed POLICY proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more POLICY proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

One who undertakes is obligated to discharging his commitment and must discharge his debt with regard to obligee.We certainly can say that nowadays, COMPENSATION is the most common reason for lack of commitment. For this reason, various religious and civil schools have studied it, besides fulfillment of one's promises, sacrifice and succession commitment.This category, furthermore, put under comparative survey sense of adjustment and various kinds of it.It intends in this way to show searching jurisprudence and whatever distinguished Imamiyyah jurists have left in their written works.

The construction of reservoir dams in the last 6 decades has paved the way for the displacement of more than 100 million people from their homes. According to the results of the present study, more than 2 million people in Iran have been affected by the construction of dams.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and social and cultural consequences of cash COMPENSATION POLICY in the release of dam reservoirs, The conceptual framework of the research is based on the assessment of social impacts. The qualitative research method of the grounded theory technique has been used. Participants in this study were 38 local informants and experts who were interviewed with a semi-constructed questionnaire. Analysis with three methods of open, axial and selective coding was put on the agenda. The results of the analysis of the interviews show 822 general concepts, 133 sub-categories, 18 main categories and 1 central category. Findings of the research based on the paradigm model show the disintegration of social structure and cultural context in the implementation of cash COMPENSATION POLICY. The results point to a need to change the approach, appoint a social trustee and evaluate the social impact of the project.

Due to the nature and scope of activities of government organizations in our country, human resources have a very effective role in achieving the goals of these organizations. Therefore, it is necessary that the POLICY system of COMPENSATION for employee services be effective and efficient. A set of factors influence POLICY-making in the government employee COMPENSATION system, including the system's general policies. The purpose of this study is to design and explain the POLICY model in the system of COMPENSATION for government employees based on the theory of institutional uniformity. The research is a type of development-applied research and has an interpretive paradigm. In order to analyze the data, content analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The statistical sample in the content analysis phase was 23 academic experts and human resources and administrative experts in government organizations who were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The statistical population in the confirmatory factor analysis stage included managers and human resources experts in government organizations. The sample size was calculated based on Morgan table 384 people and sampling method was available. Based on the findings of content analysis, 7 dimensions and 27 components affecting POLICY in the service COMPENSATION system were identified. In the validation stage of the model, with the confirmatory factor analysis, the "national and ethnic characteristics" component was removed from the components of the model. The results showed that the designed POLICY model is compatible with the three types of coercive, imitative, and normative institutional pressure that is imposed on government organizations in the institutional environment of the organization.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition POLICY can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition POLICY. Competition POLICY may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive POLICY by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition POLICY, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition POLICY because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

Today, rapid changes in climate, trade policies and technology have led to production, price and income shocks in the grain market. This study aimed at investigating the food security of different groups of society due to production, price and income shocks using the multiple market equilibrium model. Due to the importance of cereal products, especially bread, rice and pasta in the food basket of Iranian households, production, price and income shocks for this group of food and their effects on food security of the households by urban and rural income groups as well as government and freelance jobs were surveyed. The required information was extracted from the raw cost and income data of urban and rural households from 2008 to 2018 through the Statistics Center of Iran (SCI). The results showed that the food security of the society is mostly influenced by the production shocks of grain products, so that with a twenty percent decrease in the production of grain products, the poor and middle rural households, respectively, with an average percentage of calorie changes of -15.6 and -10.9 were among the most sensitive groups; on the other hand, poor households with government jobs would suffer the most from the increase in the price of cereal products, with an average percentage change of 7.9 calories. Also, increasing the income of poor households might play an effective role in improving their food security, while increasing the income of middle-income households would change the consumption pattern of these households. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate price and income support policies in order to maintain the welfare of poor households.

The amendment six of divorce law reform, approved 1998, has been legislated for support of women and guarantees financial COMPENSATION of their efforts in common life. Although in practice, the law ambiguity and intricacy disappoint spouses from restitution their rights. Moreover, lack of clear criteria to define the amount and the way of receiving financial COMPENSATION of divorce lead judges to decide about it different from each other. In this research, we investigated Quranic verses, Islamic traditions about divorce COMPENSATION, religious goals, and strategic principles in Islamic legislation system that conduces to special finance support of women particularly divorcees.After reviewing the arguments, and clarifying the reason of issuing such order, we may conclude that when removal of charge was due to divorce COMPENSATION, only if the wife asked for divorce, judge can deny her merit to COMPENSATION. But with attention to the philosophy of temporary married wife (Mut’a), it is better to pay divorce COMPENSATION to all divorced women. If divorce happens before marriage consumption and fixing marriage portion, the criteria to determine divorce COMPENSATION, would be the status of wife, but after marriage consumption and fixing marriage portion, the husband financial status is the criteria.

According to positive accounting research, accounting conservatism as an efficient contracting mechanism can restrict the opportunistic behavior of management in overstating executive COMPENSATION. Hence, This study investigates the relationship between accounting conservatism and executive COMPENSATION in the 120 listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during a 9-year period from 2004-2012. The research method is correlation and we use multiple regression to test hypotheses. The results of this study show that there is a negative and significant relation between accounting conservatism and executive COMPENSATION in sample study. Research evidence also show that firm size and profitability have a positive effect on executive COMPENSATION. Moreover, findings indicate that debt ratio and management change have no any relation with executive COMPENSATION.

Introduction COMPENSATION of patients in case of injury in the treatment process is one of the most critical issues in medical law. Besides compensating some problems, some systems have helped to improve the performance of medical staff, prevent from providing inadequate health care and harm to patients, and ensure the safety of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient COMPENSATION systems, which was done by the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information in the form of a library. Conclusion The tort liability system, enterprise liability system, and the no-fault liability system are the most common physician legal liability systems globally. The tort liability system that is currently prevalent in Iran and many other countries has not successfully achieved the goals of COMPENSATION and deterrence for reasons such as lengthy litigation, difficulty in proving medical fault, and incomplete COMPENSATION for the patient. If the doctor is not at fault in the treatment process, but the patient suffers the damage caused by medical procedures, according to the rule of "la-zarar" in Islamic jurisprudence, the Nofault system can be implemented, and the patient can be guaranteed and compensated. In this regard, medical law, such as labor and family law, can enact laws to protect the patients; because one of the examples of supporting a patient is compensating for the damage done to him if the doctor is not at fault.